• Lithium plays a pivotal role in the global energy transition, serving as a core mineral for technologies that enable decarbonization and electrification. Its primary application lies in lithium-ion batteries, which power Electric Vehicles (EVs), renewable energy storage systems, and a wide range of consumer electronics.
• Global lithium demand surged by nearly 30% in 2024, far exceeding the average 10% annual growth seen in the 2010s. The growth was driven primarily by increasing production of electric vehicles, Li-ion batteries, and grid-scale battery storage. The energy sector now accounts for 85% of lithium-demand growth.
• ISS data indicate that sustainability challenges such as biodiversity loss, human rights concerns, and climate change pose risks to investors in lithium mining and processing companies. To mitigate these risks and enhance sustainability performance, companies can adopt circular economy approaches, including recycling and resource-efficient practices.

This publication series from ISS STOXX’s Research Institute, in collaboration with colleagues across the sustainability research and product teams, examines the sustainability profile of mining companies. The series leverages data from various solutions, including the ESG Corporate Rating, Biodiversity Impact Assessment Tool, Modern Slavery Solution, and Norm-Based Research. This third publication focuses on lithium mining.